Burnout Among First-Year Medical Students During COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2022.1129Keywords:
Psychological burnout, COVID-19, Pandemic, Medical studentsAbstract
Background: The coronavirus pandemic is an international public health emergency without precedence in modern history. It represents a challenge to students’ academic and psychological stability due to the changes it caused in daily life. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and level of burnout in medical students caused by the academic and psychological instability that the pandemic represents.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was designed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS). This evaluated the emotional exhaustion due to study demands, cynicism, and negative self-academic efficacy. This study was based in the school of medicine of the Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL) in Monterrey, Mexico, during the Spring semester of 2020.
Results: A total of 154 (93 women and 61 men) first-year medical students participated (response rate of 36.4%). Burnout was identified in 14.9% (n=23), and high emotional exhaustion in 53.9% (n=83). Burnout was almost 4 times more likely to develop in men than in women (aOR = 4.8; 95% Confidence Interval=1.7-13.3) when considering age as a covariable in the multivariable model.
Conclusion: Further epidemiological studies of burnout syndrome in medical students are needed, and schools should consider promoting mental health and making programs available for their students to help overcome the emotional and social challenges during the pandemic.
Metrics
References
Plutchik R. Burnout: The Cost of Caring—by Christina Maslach, Ph. D. Psychiatric Services. 1983;34:650.
Zis P, Artemiadis A, Bargiotas P, Nteveros A, Hadjigeorgiou GM, et al. Medical Studies during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Impact of Digital Learning on Medical Students' Burnout and Mental Health. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(1):349.
Salanova M, Bresó E, Schaufeli WB. Hacia un modelo espiral de las creencias de eficacia en el estudio del burnout y del engagement. [Towards a spiral model of the efficacy beliefs in the study of burnout and engagement.]. Ansiedad y Estrés. 2005;11(2-3):215-31.
Maslach C, Jackson SE, Leiter MP. Maslach burnout inventory. Third ed. Wood CPZRJ, editor: Scarecrow Education; 1997. 191-218.
Olivares-Faúndez VE, Mena-Miranda L, Jélvez-Wilker C, Macía-Sepúlveda F. Validez factorial del Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services (MBIHSS) en profesionales chilenos. [Factorial validity of Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services (MBI-HSS) in Chilean Professionals.]. Universitas Psychologica. 2014;13(1):145-59.
Schaufeli WB, Salanova M, Gonza?lez-Roma? V, Bakker AB. The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. J Happiness Stud. 2002;3:71-92.
Mikolajczyk RT, El Ansari W, Maxwell AE. Food consumption frequency and perceived stress and depressive symptoms among students in three European countries. Nutr J. 2009;8(1):1-8.
Williams ES, Konrad TR, Linzer M, McMurray J, Pathman DE, Gerrity M, et al. Physician, practice, and patient characteristics related to primary care physician physical and mental health: results from the Physician Worklife Study. Health Serv Res. 2002;37(1):121-43.
Dugani S, Afari H, Hirschhorn LR, Ratcliffe H, Veillard J, Martin G, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with burnout among frontline primary health care providers in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. Gates open research. 2018;2:4.
Arora A, Kannan S, Gowri S, Choudhary S, Sudarasanan S, Khosla PP. Substance abuse amongst the medical graduate students in a developing country. Indian J Med Res. 2016;143(1):101-3.
Park CL, Armeli, S, Tennen H. The daily stress and coping process and alcohol use among college students. J Stud Alcohol. 2004;65(1):126-35.
Krebs C, Quiroga-Garza A, Pennefather P, Elizondo-Omaña RE. Ethics behind technology-enhanced medical education and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Anat. 2021;25(4):515-22.
Wright K, Sarangi A, Ibrahim Y. The psychiatric effects of COVID-19 thus far: a review of the current literature. Southwest Respir Crit Care Chron. 2020;8(35):17-28
Sarangi A, Fares S, Eskander N. Suicide trends in the elderly during the ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic- a public health urgency. Southwest Respir Crit Care Chron. 2021;9(40):31-6.
Amanullah S, Ramesh Shankar R. The Impact of COVID-19 on Physician Burnout Globally: A Review. Healthcare (Basel). 2020;8(4):421.
Kannampallil TG, Goss CW, Evanoff BA, Strickland JR, McAlister RP, Duncan J. Exposure to COVID-19 patients increases physician trainee stress and burnout. PLoS One. 2020;15(8):e0237301.
Aebischer O, Weilenmann S, Gachoud D, Mean M, Spiller TR. Physical and psychological health of medical students involved in the coronavirus disease 2019 response in Switzerland. Swiss Med Wkly. 2020;150:w20418.
Komer L. COVID-19 amongst the pandemic of medical student mental health. Int J Med Stud. 2020;8(1):56-7.
Jezzini-Martinez S, Quiroga-Garza A, Jacobo-Baca G, Guzman-Lopez S, Salinas-Alvarez Y, Martinez-Garza JH, et al. COVID-19 Causing Burnout Among Medical Students. FASEB J. 2021;35(S1):S1.04749.
Muñoz-Leija MA, Zarate-Garza PP, Jacobo-Baca G, Quiroga-Garza A, Salinas-Alvarez Y, Martinez-Garza JH, et al. Modifications to the delivery of a gross anatomy course during the COVID-19 pandemic at a Mexican medical school. Eur J Anat. 2020;24(6):507-12.
Martínez CH, Domi?nguez CC. Validacio?n del cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) en contexto acade?mico colombiano. [Validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) questionnaire in a Colombian academic context.] CES Psicologi?a 2016;9(1):1-15. spa
Hu Q, Schaufeli WB. The factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey in China. Psychol Rep. 2009;105(2):394-408.
Asencio-Lopez L, Almaraz-Celis GD, Carrillo Maciel V, Huerta Valenzuela P, Silva Goytia L, Munoz Torres M, et al. Burnout syndrome in first to sixth-year medical students at a private university in the north of Mexico: descriptive cross-sectional study. Medwave. 2016;16(3):e6432.
Son C, Hegde S, Smith A, Wang X, Sasangohar F. Effects of COVID-19 on College Students' Mental Health in the United States: Interview Survey Study. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(9):e21279.
Ishak W, Nikravesh R, Lederer S, Perry R, Ogunyemi D, Bernstein C. Burnout in medical students: a systematic review. Clin Teach. 2013;10(4):242-5.
Published
Versions
- 2022-07-12 (3)
- 2022-06-30 (2)
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Sofía Jezzini-Martinez, Javier Humberto Martinez-Garza, Alejandro Quiroga-Garza, Pablo Patricio Zarate-Garza, Guillermo Jacobo-Baca, Jorge Gutierrez-De la O, David de la Fuente-Villarreal, Yolanda Salinas-Alvarez, Rodrigo Enrique Elizondo-Omaña, Santos Guzman-Lopez
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.
- Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.
- The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:
- Attribution—other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site; with the understanding that the above condition can be waived with permission from the Author and that where the Work or any of its elements is in the public domain under applicable law, that status is in no way affected by the license.
- The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a prepublication manuscript (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.
- Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.
- The Author represents and warrants that:
- the Work is the Author’s original work;
- the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;
- the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;
- the Work has not previously been published;
- the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and
- the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.
- The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from the Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.
Enforcement of copyright
The IJMS takes the protection of copyright very seriously.
If the IJMS discovers that you have used its copyright materials in contravention of the license above, the IJMS may bring legal proceedings against you seeking reparation and an injunction to stop you using those materials. You could also be ordered to pay legal costs.
If you become aware of any use of the IJMS' copyright materials that contravenes or may contravene the license above, please report this by email to contact@ijms.org
Infringing material
If you become aware of any material on the website that you believe infringes your or any other person's copyright, please report this by email to contact@ijms.org
