Comparative Assessment of Serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) and Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase-2 (IMPDH-2) as Predictors of Aggressive Prostate Cancer
Keywords:
Gleason Score, Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase-2, ISUP Grade Group, Prostate Cancer, Prostate Specific AntigenAbstract
Background: This study was aimed at comparing serum Prostate Specific Antigen and Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase-2 in predicting aggressive prostate cancer by determining their correlations with Gleason score and International Society of Urologic Pathologists grade groups.
Methods: This was a hospital-based quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. Sixty-three prostate adenocarcinoma patients were recruited and their serum was assayed for IMPDH-2 and PSA. Correlations of serum IMPDH-2 and PSA with Gleason score and ISUP Grade Groups were determined using Spearman’s rho and Kendall tau correlation coefficients, respectively. The correlation (r) was graded as very weak when r (< 0.3), weak (0.3 – 0.4), moderate (0.5 – 0.6), or strong (≥ 0.7). The magnitude of the correlation was assessed by calculating the coefficient of determination for the respective analysis (R2). Levels of statistical significance were set as p < 0.05.
Results: The mean age was 68.6 years. The mean serum IMPDH-2 and PSA were 76.2pg/ml and 65.9ng/ml respectively. Serum IMPDH-2 did not correlate with Gleason score (r = 0.08, p = 0.55) or ISUP Grade groups (τ = 0.03, p = 0.79). Serum PSA correlated weakly with Gleason score (r = 0.30, p = 0.02) and very weakly with ISUP Grade groups (τ = 0.21, p = 0.04). The magnitude of correlation was 0.101. PSA did not significantly outperform IMPDH-2 in predicting the Gleason score (p = 0.53).
Conclusion: Neither serum IMPDH-2 nor PSA have sufficient accuracy in predicting Gleason score and ISUP Grade groups. None is a good predictor of aggressive prostate cancer.
Metrics
References
Amoako YA, Hammond ENB, Assasie-Gyimah A, Laryea DO, Ankrah A and Amoah G. Prostate-specific antigen and risk of bone metastases in west Africans with prostate cancer. World J Nucl Med 2019; 18: 143-148.
Yahaya JJ. Clinical and histopathological profile of patients with prostate cancer in Kampala, Uganda. Med J Zambia. 2019; 46: 19-27.
Morounke SG, Ayorinde JB, Benedict AO, Adedayo FF, Adewale FO, Oluwadamilare I, et al. Epidemiology and Incidence of Common Cancers in Nigeria. J Cancer Biol res. 2017; 5: 1105-1111.
Oyibo EU, Umar MA, Abdullahi K, Muhammad SA and Agwu PN. Clinicopathological correlates of patients with prostate cancer in a tertiary hospital in northwestern Nigeria. Orient J Med. 2023; 35: 1-10.
Ojewola RW, Tijani KH, Jeje EA, Ogunjimi MA, Anunobi CC and Adesanya AO. An evaluation of usefulness of prostate specific antigen and digital rectal examination in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in an unscreened population: experience in a Nigerian teaching hospital. West Afr J Med. 2013; 32: 8-13.
Oluwole OP, Rafindadi AH, Shehu MS and Samaila MOA. A ten-year study of prostate cancer specimens at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (A.B.U.T.H), Zaria, Nigeria. Afr J Urol. 2015; 21: 15-18.
Ogunbiyi JO and Shittu OB. Increased incidence of prostate cancer in Nigerians. J Natl Med Assoc. 1999; 91: 159-164.
Popoola AO, Omodele FO, Oludara MA, Ibrahim NA, Igwilo AI and Makanjuola SBL. Prevalence and pattern of cancers among adults attending a tertiary health institution In Lagos. J Dent Med Sci 2013; 6: 68-73.
Wang C, Höti N, Lih TM, Sokoll LJ, Zhang R, Zhang Z, et al. Development of a glycoproteomic strategy to detect more aggressive prostate cancer using lectin-immunoassays for serum fucosylated PSA. Clin Proteom 2019; 16: 13.
Gordetsky J and Epstein J. Grading of prostatic adenocarcinoma: current state and prognostic implications. Diagn Pathol 2016; 11: 25-32.
Chen N and Zhou Q. The evolving Gleason grading system. Chin J Cancer Res. 2016; 28: 58-64.
He Y, Zheng Z, Xu Y, Weng H, Gao Y, Qin K, et al. Over-expression of IMPDH2 is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8: 1604-1614.
Xu Y, Zheng Z, Gao Y, Duan S, Chen C, Rong J, et al. High expression of IMPDH2 is associated with aggressive features and poor prognosis of primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 745-754.
Awosan KJ. Sample size estimation and sampling techniques. In: Awosan KJ, (ed.). Student Friendly Statistics for Health, Life, and Social Sciences. Lagos: Somerest ventures 2020: 245-276.
Wieczorek P, Bałut-Wieczorek M, Jasinski M, Szabłoński W and Antczak A. Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 as a marker of aggressive and advanced prostate cancer. Cent European J Urol 2018; 71: 399-403.
PSA AccuBind Elisa Kit (product code 2125-300) instruction manual. Available from: https://www.monobind.com/immunoassays-cancer-markers-psa. Cited January 7, 2021
Human Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) ELISA kit Instruction manual. Available from: https://www.sunlongbiotech.com. cited January 7, 2021
Moore DS, Notz WI and Flinger MA. The basic practice of statistics. 6th ed. New York: W H Freman and Company, 2013: 95-124.
Ofoha CG and Magnus FE. Presentation, characteristics and co-morbidities of men with prostate cancer in Nigeria. J Adv Med Res 2019; 31: 1-7.
Odubanjo MO, Banjo AAF, Ayoola S, Abdulkareem FB, Anunobi CC and Olayinka AA. The clinicopathologic pattern of prostatic carcinoma in Lagos, Nigeria. N A J Med Sci 2013; 6: 71-75.
Elabbady A, Eid A, Fahmy A and Kotb AF. Pattern of prostate cancer presentation among the Egyptian population: A study in a single tertiary care center. Cent European J Urol 2014; 67: 351 - 356.
Egote AE, Ossei PPS, Duah EA, Taylor J and Quarshie E. Patterns and presentation of prostate cancer in the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana: A 6-year single center retrospective study. Health 2019; 11: 351-360.
Adewumi AO, Anthonia SC, Alabi AS, Amina FO and Kingsley KK. Pattern of prostate cancer among a Nigerian population: A study in a single tertiary care centre. Niger J Med 2016; 25: 70-76.
Hooton TM, Bradley SF, Cardenas DD, Colgan R, Geerlings SE, Rice JC, et al. Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 International clinical practice guidelines from the infectious diseases society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50: 625-663.
Okolo CA, Akinosun OM, Shittu OB, Olapade-Olaopa EO, Okeke LI, Akang EEU, et al. Correlation of serum PSA and Gleason score in Nigerian men with prostate cancer. Afr J Urol 2008; 14: 15-22.
Manseck A, Guhr K, Hakenberg O, Rossa K and Wirth MP. Clinical significance of the echogenicity in prostatic ultrasound findings in the detection of prostatic carcinoma. OncoL Res Treat. 2000; 23: 151-156.
Okoye J. High mortality risk of prostate cancer patients in Asia and West Africa: A systematic review. Avicenna J Med 2020; 10: 93-101.
Ngwu PE, Achor GO, Eziefule VU, Orji JI and Alozie FT. Correlation between prostate specific antigen and prostate biopsy Gleason score. Annals of Health Research 2019; 5: 243-248.
Mohammed U, Rasheed MW, Adegboye AT, Abdullahi K, Sahabi SM, Mohammed TO, et al. Correlation of serum PSA with Gleason score and Gleason group grade in patients with prostate adenocarcinoma at Sokoto North-Western Nigeria. Int J Recent Innov Med Clin 2020; 2: 6-13.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr AM Umar, Prof IA Mungadi, Prof NP Agwu, Prof A Abdulwahab-Ahmed, Dr AS Muhammad, Dr A Khalid, Dr EU Oyibo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.
- Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.
- The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:
- Attribution—other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site; with the understanding that the above condition can be waived with permission from the Author and that where the Work or any of its elements is in the public domain under applicable law, that status is in no way affected by the license.
- The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a prepublication manuscript (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.
- Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.
- The Author represents and warrants that:
- the Work is the Author’s original work;
- the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;
- the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;
- the Work has not previously been published;
- the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and
- the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.
- The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from the Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.
Enforcement of copyright
The IJMS takes the protection of copyright very seriously.
If the IJMS discovers that you have used its copyright materials in contravention of the license above, the IJMS may bring legal proceedings against you seeking reparation and an injunction to stop you using those materials. You could also be ordered to pay legal costs.
If you become aware of any use of the IJMS' copyright materials that contravenes or may contravene the license above, please report this by email to contact@ijms.org
Infringing material
If you become aware of any material on the website that you believe infringes your or any other person's copyright, please report this by email to contact@ijms.org
