Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance and Susceptibility Pattern of UTI-causing Microorganisms in Southern Punjab, Pakistan

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DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2024.2163

Keywords:

Urinary tract infection , Antibiotic Resistance, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Antimicrobial Resistance, Uropathogens, Southern Punjab, Antibiotic Susceptibility, Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), Escherichia Coli, Kirby Bauer Test, Imipenem Sensitivity, Multidrug Resistance, Clinical Microbiology

Abstract

Background: Bacterial resistance against antibiotics has become a global challenge and measures are needed to stop this. The aim of this study is to highlight this problem and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of organisms in Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Sheikh Zayed Medical Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. The urine samples obtained from 4 different wards were sent for culture and sensitivity analysis. 9 antibiotics (Nitrofurantoin, Fosfomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Norfloxacin, Linezolid, Amoxicillin, and Imipenem) were tested against 5 isolated strains of uropathogens using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion test. The sensitivity reports were obtained, and data points were entered into a spreadsheet and analysed using SPSS.

Results: Out of 101 samples of uropathogens that showed positive growths (42.08%), 53 (52.4%) were from male patients and 48 (47.5%) positive growths were from females. Escherichia Coli had the highest positive growths (58%) followed by Pseudomonas (19%) Klebsiella (13%), Staphylococcus Aureus (7%) and Coagulase-negative staphylococci (3%). Imipenem was the most sensitive drug whereas the highest resistance by organisms was developed against TMP-SMX. No significant association(p>0.05) was found between any of the anti-microbial drugs and Escherichia coli, gram-positive uropathogens, and gram negative uropathogens.

Conclusion: The high increasing rate of broad-spectrum antibiotics resistance suggests that diagnostic and culture tests should be encouraged in hospitals. Based on these test results, appropriate antibiotics should be prescribed. The limitations include the inability to distinguish between nosocomial and community-acquired urinary tract infections and also did not consider other demographic factors like age.

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The graph titled "Distribution of the Grown Microorganisms by Sex" shows the frequency of different microorganisms grown from urinary tract infection (UTI) samples, categorized by the patient's sex. The most frequent organism was E. coli, with nearly equal representation between males (29) and females (30). Pseudomonas had a higher occurrence in females (12) than males (7), while Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Coagulase-negative staphylococci had slightly higher frequencies in males. This distribution provides insights into the prevalence of UTI-causing pathogens among genders​.

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Published

2024-07-22 — Updated on 2024-09-30

How to Cite

Anjum, M. M., Khalid, F., Saleem, R., Abdul Malik, M. A. B., & Rizwan, M. (2024). Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance and Susceptibility Pattern of UTI-causing Microorganisms in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. International Journal of Medical Students, 12(3), 267–273. https://doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2024.2163

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Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024)

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Original Article

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Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Mehwar Anjum; Faiza Khalid; Rida Saleem, Muhammad Awais Bin Abdul Malik, Muhammad Rizwan

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